GPU Support

Support for array operations on other hardware backends, like GPUs, is provided by external packages like CuArrays. Flux is agnostic to array types, so we simply need to move model weights and data to the GPU and Flux will handle it.

For example, we can use CuArrays (with the cu converter) to run our basic example on an NVIDIA GPU.

(Note that you need to build Julia 0.6 from source and have CUDA available to use CuArrays – please see the CUDAnative.jl instructions for more details.)

using CuArrays

W = cu(rand(2, 5)) # a 2×5 CuArray
b = cu(rand(2))

predict(x) = W*x .+ b
loss(x, y) = sum((predict(x) .- y).^2)

x, y = cu(rand(5)), cu(rand(2)) # Dummy data
loss(x, y) # ~ 3

Note that we convert both the parameters (W, b) and the data set (x, y) to cuda arrays. Taking derivatives and training works exactly as before.

If you define a structured model, like a Dense layer or Chain, you just need to convert the internal parameters. Flux provides mapleaves, which allows you to alter all parameters of a model at once.

d = Dense(10, 5, σ)
d = mapleaves(cu, d)
d.W # Tracked CuArray
d(cu(rand(10))) # CuArray output

m = Chain(Dense(10, 5, σ), Dense(5, 2), softmax)
m = mapleaves(cu, m)
d(cu(rand(10)))

As a convenience, Flux provides the gpu function to convert models and data to the GPU if one is available. By default, it'll do nothing, but loading CuArrays will cause it to move data to the GPU instead.

julia> using Flux, CuArrays

julia> m = Dense(10,5) |> gpu
Dense(10, 5)

julia> x = rand(10) |> gpu
10-element CuArray{Float32,1}:
 0.800225
 ⋮
 0.511655

julia> m(x)
Tracked 5-element CuArray{Float32,1}:
 -0.30535
 ⋮
 -0.618002

The analogue cpu is also available for moving models and data back off of the GPU.

julia> x = rand(10) |> gpu
10-element CuArray{Float32,1}:
 0.235164
 ⋮
 0.192538

julia> x |> cpu
10-element Array{Float32,1}:
 0.235164
 ⋮
 0.192538